Carbon Footprint

What is a Carbon Footprint?

A carbon footprint is the total greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, event, or product. These emissions, primarily in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2), result from various activities such as energy consumption, transportation, manufacturing, and waste management. The carbon footprint is typically expressed in metric tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) per year, allowing for the comparison of the impact of different GHGs based on their global warming potential.

The Three Scopes of Carbon Emissions

To fully understand and manage a carbon footprint, emissions are categorized into three distinct scopes:

Scope 1:
Direct Emissions

Scope 1 covers all direct emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the organization. This includes emissions from company-owned vehicles, fuel combustion (e.g., natural gas boilers), and other direct industrial processes. These are the emissions over which the organization has the most control.

Scope 2:
Energy Emissions

Scope 2 accounts for indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity, steam, heating, and cooling consumed by the organization. Although these emissions occur at the production site of the utility provider, they are attributed to the organization’s carbon footprint because the organization is the consumer of these services. Managing Scope 2 emissions often involves increasing energy efficiency and shifting to renewable energy sources.

Scope 3:
Other Indirect Emissions

Scope 3 includes all other indirect emissions that occur in a company’s value chain. This can encompass a wide range of activities, including emissions from the production of purchased goods and services, business travel, employee commuting, waste disposal, and the use and end-of-life treatment of sold products. Scope 3 emissions are often the largest portion of an organization’s carbon footprint but are also the most challenging to measure and manage, as they occur outside the direct control of the organization.

Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)

The Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) is a global effort that encourages and assists companies in setting greenhouse gas reduction targets that align with the latest climate science. This initiative is a collaboration between Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP), the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), the World Resources Institute (WRI), and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).

SBTi helps companies set targets that align with the goals of the Paris Agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with an ambition to limit the increase to 1.5°C. By setting science-based targets, companies can ensure that their emission reduction efforts are consistent with what is necessary to meet these global climate objectives.

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